Formal English and Informal English differ in the tone, and the usage of English. When do you use Formal English and when do you use Informal English? Knowing when to use formal or informal English depends on the context, audience, and purpose of communication. Here are some tips to help you navigate the appropriate usage of each variant.
Formal English
Usually when we talk about the two kinds of English it is in the context of writing. Formal English is the language variant commonly employed in official, professional, and academic environments. It adheres to a set of standardized rules, including proper grammar, precise vocabulary, and a professional tone. Its purpose is to convey information in a clear, concise, and objective manner. We use formal English in business meetings, academic papers, official letters, and professional presentations.
Characteristics of Formal English
Formal English Vocabulary
Formal English avoids slang, colloquialisms, and regional dialects. It prioritizes precise terminology to ensure clarity and precision of meaning.
“We appreciate your prompt response to our inquiry” vs. “Thanks for getting back to us quickly”
Standard English Grammar and Syntax
Formal English adheres to established grammatical rules, emphasizing complete sentences and consistent verb tenses. Passive voice and third-person pronouns are often preferred for objectivity.
“The report was compiled by our team” vs. “Our team put together the report”
Tone and Style in professional English
Usually, formal language maintains a serious and professional tone, avoiding emotional expressions, humor, or slang. It focuses on objectivity and clarity of communication.
“We regret to inform you that your application has been declined” (formal) vs. “Sorry, but we can’t accept your application”
Formal English is characterized by longer sentence structures and higher complexity
Longer and more complex sentence structures are also characteristic for professional English. It includes subordination, formal connectors, and technical language to convey detailed information and logical coherence.
“Furthermore, the study revealed a significant correlation between X and Y, indicating a potential causal relationship.”
Formal Phrases and Polite Expressions
Formal English includes specific phrases and expressions to convey politeness, respect, and formality. These include greetings, formal introductions, and expressions of gratitude.
“Dear Sir/Madam” instead of “Hey” or “Thank you for your attention” instead of “Thanks.”
Informal English
Informal English, also known as colloquial or English, is the variant used in everyday conversations, social settings, and informal writing. It allows for more flexibility, personal expression, and cultural nuances. Informal English can vary widely across regions, age groups, and social contexts.
Characteristics of Informal English
Vocabulary in everyday English
Informal English incorporates slang, idioms, and expressions that are specific to particular regions, social groups, or generations. It embraces a more relaxed and familiar vocabulary that reflects everyday conversation.
Example: “cool” instead of “excellent” or “chill” instead of “relax”
Informal English is flexible with grammar
Informal English tends to be more flexible regarding grammatical rules. It may include sentence fragments, contractions, and informal pronouns. It often prioritizes ease of communication over strict adherence to grammar.
“I’m gonna grab some food” instead of “I am going to get some food”
Conversational English has friendly tone
Informal English adopts a conversational and friendly tone. It allows for personal expression, emotion, and humor. It seeks to establish a sense of familiarity with the listener or reader.
“Let’s catch up this weekend, it’ll be a blast!” instead of “Would you like to meet this weekend? It would be enjoyable.”
Casual English tends to shorten forms
Informal English frequently includes abbreviated forms to streamline communication and mimic the way people naturally speak in informal settings.
“I can’t” instead of “I cannot” or “gonna” instead of “going to”
We all want to sound naturally in a foreign language. However, you might want to be careful about being too free with informal English on Facebook. Prospective employers can look up your profile, and based upon what they see, decide whether to ask you to come for an interview or not. The rule in writing is usually, when you are in doubt, use Formal English rather than Informal English.
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